If Carl Menger (1840-1921) returned to the scene he would not be surprised by the state of confusion which economists of our time have reached on issues relating to money, banking and financial markets. El Capitalismo y la Riqueza de las Naciones is an attempt to show how a rethinking of modern monetary theory, from a perspective that stems from the great Austrian economist and his disciple Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, would have allowed us to address, with greater success, the hardships resulting from the monetary distortion of interest rates and the erroneous assessment of banking risks that are at the very root of the current financial and banking crisis. With the necessary rigour, but not shying away from synthesis to facilitate understanding, the author believes that a return of the Austrian approach to where it should have never been away from for so long, will only lead to a better understanding of economic phenomena and, especially, of monetary ones.